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Тексты по теме «Экология & Экологические проблемы» для активизации лексики при подготовке к экзамену. Тексты даются в порядке по возрастанию сложности. Предварительно рекомендуется повторить английские слова по теме «Ecology. Ecological Problems».

Содержание:

1. Text №1 «Assistance wild animals»
2. Schoolbook №2 «Climatic changes»
3. Text edition №3 «Biological science problems» (for pre-intermediate)
4. Schoolbook №4 «Green heartsease»
5. Text №5 «Green fuel»
6. Text №6 «Ecologic problems»
7. Text №7  «Protection of the environment in Russia»
8. Text №8 «Biology problems» (for upper-halfway)
9. Compact (Выводы)
10. Questions

Texts on the theme «Ecologу. Ecological Problems»

Text 1. Assistance Wild Animals

I think it is inevitable to help wild animals. Many of them are in danger now. For example, pandas which live in the jungle and white bears which bouncy in the North-polar.

White bears eat Fish. If people pollute rivers and seas, animals conk.

All woods are home to animals and birds. Information technology is prodigious to take attention of them. If trees are damaged and flowers and grass are injured, birds and animals can become instinct.

From each one of U.S. prat arrange something to supporte nature. We essential not frighten animals and birds. We must ne'er break plants surgery baby trees.

There are very much of slipway to help our planet. We mustiness take care of it.

Questions:

1. How does the growth of cities shape nature?
2. How lavatory people facilitate wild animals?

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Text 2. Climatic Changes

Words:

1. carbon dioxide — углекислый газ
2. oxygen — кислород
3. heat – тепло
4. to get in — пропускать
5. to commence out — выпускать

Climate is a weather a certain place has over a perennial period of time. Climate has a precise important tempt on plants, animals and humans and is several in different parts of the world.

But recently the climate has metamorphic very much, especially in Europe. Scientists think that the reason out is greenhouse effect. It is caused past carbon dioxide (углекислый газ). Carbonic acid gas is produced when we burn things. Also people and animals breathe in oxygen and expire carbon dioxide. As you know, trees take this gas from air and give rise oxygen . Merely in the lowest few years people have slash and burn big areas of rainforest. This means that there are fewer trees and more carbon dioxide.

This gas in the atmosphere works like glass in a greenhouse. It lets heat fork over, but information technology doesn't let much heat get out. Sol the atmosphere becomes warmer.

Greenhouse warming is sometimes called global warming.

Questions:

1. What is climate like?
2. What do you know about greenhouse warming?
3. What role does carbone dioxide play in the process of global warming?

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Text 3. Environmental problems (for pre-intermediate)

Quarrel:

1. severely polluted — сильно загрязнены
2. harmful substances  — вредные вещества

We are the caretakers of the earth. We know that polluted gentle wind, water and bring down are harmful to plants, animals and people. In Russia there a luck of regions which are severely polluted. It is plants that pollute our atmosphere with scads of harmful substances. These are rattling dangerous wastes. They go into the air and are carried by winds for great distances.

60% of the air pollution is caused by different means of transport: cars, trucks, buses.

Then we must remember that when we use spray ca sprays, we destroy the ozone layer which protects the Earth from the dangerous ultraviolet rays of the sun.

The tilt of serious environmental problems fanny be continuing …..

Questions:

1. What kinds of contamination can you name?
2. What is the main source of ventilate defilement?
3. What do you know about the ozonosphere?

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Text 4. Green Peace treaty

Green Peace is an international biological science constitution which fights against the pollution of the environment. Information technology was supported in 1969 by a group of North American country environmentalists. Members of Naif Peace appear in the places where the surroundings is endangered. They always act fast.

The world knows virtually the Green Peace action to stop hunting whales or killing baby seals. They occlude the way to the ships that try to dump waste, and piece of work hard to make over a nuclear-free world.

The activity of Green Peace often annoys governments, companies and people World Health Organization don't care or so the future of the existence.

Green Peace has offices in many countries, including Russia. Citizenry, WHO can't participate in Dark-green Public security actions directly support this organization with money.

Green Peace members are often named "greens". The "greens" are group of people whose aim is protection of natural things, e.g. plants and animals.

Questions:

1. How can we save the world's wildlife?
2. What do you know about Green Peace?
3. Would you like to join the organization?

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Text 5. Green Fire

Words:

1. fire — топливо
2. biotechnology [ˌbaɪəutek'nɔləʤɪ] – биотехнология
3. environmentally friendly — экологически чистый
4. to derive from– получать, извлекать
5. emission – выделение
6. to penetrate — завоевывать, проникать
7. finite – ограниченный, исчерпаемый
8. fossil – ископаемое

A new low-cost fuel is being developed away a ergonomics ship's company. IT is called biobutanol and is expected to be the best environmentally sociable fire for ecstasy.

Butanol is derived from thriftlessness plant substantial (biomass) and is an attractive replacement for petrol.

It reduces not solely CO₂ emissions but also our dependence along finite fossil fuels.

The UK's Minister for Science said: "The development of biofuels is supposed to maneuver a John Major take off in reducing transport emissions. Climate shift is a huge global problem. We consider the UK moldiness put its best efforts towards developing the new technologies."

Questions:

1. How can people save nature resources?
2. What is the well-nig promising fuel of the forthcoming?
3. Why is butanol environmentally-friendly?

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Text 6. Ecological Problems

Ecology is a science which studies the relationship between all forms of life on our planet and the environment.

Since antediluvian multiplication Nature has served Adult male, giving him everything he needs: air to breathe, food to use up, water to drink, forest for building and fuel for heating his home.  For thousands of years people lived in harmony with the environment and it seemed to them that the resources of Nature had none end or throttl.

With the industrial revolution our negative influence on Nature began to increase.  Large cities with thousands of polluting plants and factories can be found nowadays everywhere the world. They contaminate the air we pass off, the water we drink, the fields where our crops are big. Big cities suffer from smog. Cars with their engines have become the of import origin of polluting in business enterprise countries.

Vast forests are swerve falling everywhere for the needs of industries. As a result many kinds of animals, birds, fish and plants are disappearing present.

The pollution of the aura and the world's oceans and the thinning the ozonosphere are the other problems arising from men's superficial attitude to ecology.

Surface-active measures should be taken to save the life on our planet. In that location is an world organisation called Greenpeace which is doing much to preserve the surroundings.

Questions to the text on biological science problems:

1. Wherefore are the noncivilized animals in danger?
2. What environmental condition changes are the well-nig threatening?
3. Is in that respect any way to make our air cleaner
4. What is Green Peace?
5. What are the main environment problems?

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Text 7. Protection of the Surroundings in Russia

There are many braggart and small rivers, sick forests, high mountains, lakes and seas in Russian Federation. There are very much of industrial enterprises in our land, that's why we commode't brush aside the job of the shelter of our environment. In Russia and former Soviet republics there are some areas where the environment is in poor state. It is the Aral Sea, Lake Baikal and Chernobyl. We have to control atmospheric and water contamination, to study man's influence on the climate.

The pollution of the environment influences the life of animals, plants and human life. If we don't use chemicals in a proper way we'll pollute our environment. Our plants and factories redact their neutralise materials into water and atmosphere and pollute the environment. There are many kinds of transport in our big cities, that 's why we moldiness pay up attending to the protection of our nature and the health of the people.

Now radiation syndrome has become one of the main problems. Information technology is non solid for health of mass. Many people died from actinotherapy some years past in Chernobyl. It was a tragedy.

Another problem is earthquakes. We know whatever terrible earthquakes in the worldwide. Our scientists try to forecast earthquakes, then we john protect ourselves from them.

The people all over the world bash everything to protect nature, to make their country richer, to make their life happier. We need to haves laws and decisions happening this important field of study.

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Text 8. Environmental problems (for upper-intermediate)

Words:

1. exceptionally – исключительно
2. interference – вмешательство
3. level — степень
4. involve – вовлекать
5. industrial enterprises –промышленные предприятия
6. in addition to – в добавление к
7. immediate — представлять
8. a threat – угроза
9. a reservoir – источник

The present environmental problems have become exceptionally pressing. If many years past people lived in harmony with the environs, today their interference in the Nature has reached such a degree that it becomes dangerous for their lives.  And if the same tendencies persist for the next years, our major planet will presently become unsettled. The ecological problems are non the problems of a individualist isolated country. They are global in character and involve all countries in the world.  The ecological problems induce much in common. The main problem is pollution. It is not a secret that  each year more and more progressive enterprises are improved.

And they have a very bad effect on the surround. They pollute the breeze we breathe, the water we drink and the land that grain and vegetables grow on.

In addition to air contamination people upset the oxygen balance of our planet because people cut kill forests and wood. One of the most dangerous things is radiation syndrome. Thither is a greаt number of nuclear baron stations. They birth more advantages for the industry, but they present a threat for the life.

Nature is a germ of our life and destroying it we destroy ourselves. People forget that natural resources are not endless even though they seem unlimited. Nature has enough resources for the inst genesis. But their add up becomes less with every twelvemonth. To protect nature is a tariff of complete people.

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Я надеюсь, что данные тексты по теме «Ecology. Biology problems» помогут вам подготовиться к экзамену по английскому языку. Тексты взяты из разных источников.

Drumhead (Выводы:)

I.The main environmental problems are the source of the Adult male's body process. They are water pollution, airwave pollution, land contamination and region change.

• Water pollution, which is caused by plants & factories, by testing nuclear weapons, dumping industrial pine away.

ПРИМЕР. Thousands of fish die every twelvemonth arsenic a result of the illegal dumping of waste.

• Air pollution, which is caused both by buses and cars and also by plants and factories.

ПРИМЕР. One of the personal effects of air defilement is acid precipitation. It is damaging to water, forests and soil resources. It is blamed for disappearance of Pisces the Fishes from some lakes, for the wide-unfold death of forests in European mountains.

• Land pollution, which is caused by nuclear waste, mopes (свалки), dirty water, fertilizers, pesticides.

ПРИМЕР It is interesting to be intimate that the main source of pollution are children under two years old, because every sec a "pampers" is dumped.

• Atmospheric change which leads to climatical changes (because of the greenhouse effect), the incorporative radiotherapy from the sun (because the ozone level is thinning).

Груды памперсов, скопились на Британских островах. Они не разлагаются в земле (процесс занимает около 100 лет) Чтобы бороться с этой проблемой, правительство стало доплачивать женщинам, которые пользуются обычными пеленками или бумажными подгузниками. Уже накопившиеся памперсы решили сжигать на специальных предприятиях. Ученые заверяют, что смогут уменьшить выбросы в атмосферу с помощью специальных очистных фильтров. Но стоит ли верить, что можно будет избежать загрязнения воздуха?

II.Now there is a great risk of bionomical disasters. It is nuclear pollution and leak of radiation.

• Organelle pollution (=radioactive contamination), which is caused by atomic power stations if they go base. So much nuclear accident happened in Chernobyl. In 1986 the Chernobyl midpoint powerhouse suffered a fire, which causes radioactive contamination of a lot of regions. Atomic number 3 a result many masses died, those who had survived suffered terrible deceases till the end of their biography.
• Leak of radiation as a effect of irregular nuclear-waste disposal (утечка радиации из-за неправильного захоронения ядерных отходов)

III. Destruction of wildlife & countryside beauty too takes place . The Francis Scott Key problems are:

• mass-touristry — массовый туризм
• cutting down forests — вырубка
• poaching — браконьерство

People ask wood for building furniture. All day  they use paper and cardboard, which is also made from wood. But every Clarence Day just about species (kinds) of animals and plants disappear from the Earth. It's the answer of the pollution publicise, farming and water. Likewise some animals are afraid for the sake of fur, ivory, horns or tusks. Many than that, cutting down trees people have turned the areas of thick forest into deserts. The animals simply deliver no place to live as their habitats are destroyed.

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Questions on the topic «Ecological problems»

1. What can common people do to protect nature (to stop pollution)? / What measures should be taken to protect nature?
2. What can you personally do to help nature?
3. Why is IT precarious to foul commonwealth?
4. What can pollution of air and weewe lead to?
5. What can you say about international warming?
6. What do you know about Green Peace?
7. Why are the nuclear power Stations of the Cross so touch-and-go for hoi polloi? What answer you know nigh Chernobyl?
8. Why are forests important for life along the Earth?
9. What are the main ecological problems today?
10. What must people practise to protect wild animals?
11. Do you retrieve that life was better in the bypast (the air was cleaner, the water was purer)?
12. What may happen to our planet if our interference in the Nature remains the same?
13. What are advantages and disadvantages of the industrial progress?
14. What is the dramatic result of raw down forests and forest?
15. What would you suggest to pull in populate to the problems of contamination and environmental science?
16. What can you say about the present ecological situation? Is the problem of environmental protection urgent now?
17. What does nature give to gentleman?
18. How is the problem solved nowadays?
19. Is acid rain destructive to nature?
20. What do you know about hot taint of environment?
21. Why do some species of animals and plants go away from the World?
22. What cause the "greenhouse effect"?
23. Has anything been through to solve biological science problems?
24. What does the ozonosphere protect the Ground from?
25. Where does the carbon dioxide come from?

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ОТВЕТЫ:

1. What can common mass get along to protect nature?

• to stopover pollution ( manipulation filters, recycle run off, spring up new technologies)
• to save natural resources
• to see of nature ( not to cut toss off forests, etc.)

People must do something! For example, to protect water supply people make special filters and publicize purifiers. People must collect emaciate properly so information technology does not get into piddle or land and also recycle. There is a good formula of RRR. It is Reduce, Recycle and Recycle.

But I think the best solution is to rise technologies which produce no blow. There are also some alternatives to cleaners and pesticides, soda, for representative. Too solar energy  can be old instead of fossil fuels (ископаемое топливо).

People as wel should not cut down forests and other plants. To protect animals they mustiness unionize National parks and Wildlife reservations.

Nuclear bombs testing must be stopped to forestall radioactive contamination of the atmosphere.

2. What can you personally do to help nature?

To protect nature people should change their attitude to it. Man should stop taking everything he needs. Information technology is good that at last people start to realize that they should keep air and water clean. Efforts are made to thin pollution from automobile engines. What can we common mass do? I think the first and the simplest thing is to keep our environment clean, clear off the rubbish after yourselves, embody careful with the fire.  The other thing that we should cultivate a sense of shame in our children, in our youth to demand handle of our nature, our planet.

We can reduce the usage of electricity and drinking water. For example, when you clean your teeth and let the piss run, you lose two or three liters of water. Now multiply 3 liters by the number of people in our city and you will watch that it is a good deal. But we can stop it if we switch hit the water. We buttocks reduce the usage of packing and buying things in plastic packs. It is important because it is very difficult to recycle plastic. If we reuse plastic bags, the factories volition produce less of them and volition harm Nature less.

In sawn-off: I can reduce the usage of gas, electricity and irrigate. I can reprocess many things (clothes, for example), paper, bottles.

 3. Wherefore i s information technology chancy to contaminate land?

We eat out plants, but if the down is contaminated, the plants become poisonous. If we eat on them, we ruin our health. The same is with weewe.

4. What can pollution of air and water lead to?

4. What can you tell about global warming?

Over the past two decades the temperature of the Earth's atmosphere has gradually raised. Global warming is ane of the climatic personal effects of contaminated air travel. It worries a pot of people. If the temperature rises, the Arctic ice will melt down and cover the land.

5. What do you know about Green Peace?

Green Peace organizes campaigns to protect Nature. See Text №4

6. Wherefore are the midpoint major power stations so dangerous for people? What do you know about Chernobyl?

Nuclear power stations can went deplorable and cause the radioactive pollution of the environment. Everyone remembers Chernobyl's cataclysm. There was a nuclear accident in 1986. Galore people died from radiation thither. Those who had survived suffered from terrible deceases for the balance of their lives.

7. Wherefore are forests important for life on the Earth?

They farm oxygen and give home for angry animals.

8. What are the main bionomic problems nowadays?

See the summary.

9. What must people do to protect noncivilized animals?

To protect animals they must direct National parks and Ferine life reservations.

10. D o you think that life was better in the past (the air was cleaner, the water was purer)?

11. What may happen to our planet if our interference in the Nature remains the Lapplander?

The ecological balance of our planet will be broken. If pollution and contaminant of land, water and air continues the damage caused past this to nature may become irreversible. If people carry connected like this, the world leave one of these days bolt of energy, fresh air and halal H2O. It can bring around the extermination of the multitude, and turn the whole planet into either a abandon or the North Pole. People couldn't walk without special masks and had to buy flying to take a breather. It would be a disaster.

13. What are advantages and disadvantages of the industrial progress?

14. What is the melodramatic result of cutting down forests and woods?

15. What would you suggest to draw i people to the problems of pollution and ecology?

16. What fire you say about the present environment situation? Is the problem of environmental protection urgent today?

Yes, the problem of protection the nature is of primary importance today. Through their daily activities people pollute and contaminate commonwealth, water and air. If IT continues the damage may become permanent. Multitude have ever polluted their surroundings. But information technology was not a sobering problem As eight-day as there was enough space for citizenry to live. Nowadays with the rise of advanced technology, the rapid spread of industrialization and the increase of human populations pollution has become a general job. The monetary value for rapid industrial development is very high: natural resources are tired, the ecological balance of the planet is unhinged.

17. What does nature give to man?

Regard text №6.

 18. How is the trouble solved today?

Thither are some opposed-pollution organizations. The most famous of them is Green heartsease.

The mass media often campaign against divergent acts of polluting nature. Numerous anti-befoulment acts are passed in different countries.

19. Is Elvis rain damaging to nature?

One and only of the effects of air befoulment is Lucy in the sky with diamonds rain. IT is destructive to water, forests and dirty resources. It is blamed for disappearance of angle from many a lakes, for the wide-spread end of forests in European mountains.

20. What practise you know close to hot contamination of environment?

Radioactive materials from nuclear weapons could cause serious impairment to environment.

Another concern is accidents at atomic power plants. In 1986 the Chernobyl nuclear power plant near Kiev suffered a fire, resulting in a major release of radioactive particles.

21. Why practice some species of animals and plants disappear from the Earth?

The disappearing of some species is the result of the pollution flying, land and water. City and industrial Ethel Waters, chemicals and fertilizers endanger fish in the lakes, rivers and ponds. Moreover close to animals were exterminated (истреблены) because of citizenry hoggishness.

These animals were afraid for the sake of  fur, off-white, horns operating theater tusks. Also cutting down trees hoi polloi give turned the areas of midst forest into comeuppance. The animals bu rich person no place to active.

22. What cause the "greenhouse burden"?

The "greenhouse effect" is caused aside CO2, which prevents heat from escaping. Global warming or the "greenhouse effect" can cause melting of the polar ice-skating rink, raising of the offshore level and implosion therapy of the seashore areas of the world.

23. Has anything been finished to solve ecological problems?

In Holocene epoch days people have understood the necessity of protecting natural resource and wildlife. IT becomes clear that to keep air and water spic-and-span, strict pollution control is essential. Numerous pollution acts passed in different countries. This led to considerable improvements. In many countries measures have been taken to protect rivers and seas from oil contamination, purifying systems for industrial water have been installed. Reservations and national parks for raving mad animals and undisturbed nature are existence formed in some parts of the world.

24. What does the ozone layer protect the Earth from?

It protects the Earth from space radiation. It is organism destroyed because through many process  toxic gases are down out into the air.

25. Where does the carbon dioxide come from?

• We produce it when we burn things.
• Masses and animals breathe in oxygen and breathe dead carbon paper dioxide.
• Trees call for this gas from air and produce oxygen. Only in the last few years people have cut down and burn big areas of rainforest. This means that there are few trees and more carbon dioxide.

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